Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Humanities - Essay Example St Augustine characterizes the first sin as the best appearance of Man’s pride and unfaithfulness to God and communicates the requirement for get-together with God through Christ. He accepts that Grace is the sign of God’s work through acts of kindness that individuals do. In this way, he calls for Christians to submit totally to God for salvation. An examination of the St Augustines admissions delineates God as an otherworldly being, to whom every single person ought to submit unequivocally. In the first place, St Augustine concentrated on the idea of the first sin that is vital in the Christian. The first sin alludes to the noncompliance of Adam and Eve in the nursery of Aden. On this, Augustine express that Adam’s sin is transmitted by the â€Å"hurtful desire† of individuals (Hollingworth 13-25). In abstract works, he takes note of that the first sin is an indication of human rebellion of God on account of human pride. He clarifies that the first sin came about to the change of individuals, as the confronted the results of their wrongdoings. Since Adam and Eve made nature through generation, it follows that every single person convey the wrongdoing that their folks submitted. This infers all the relatives of Adam and Eve are brought into the world with the first sin. He utilizes a sensible way to deal with calls attention to since the principal guardians are the base of humankind, at that point each one of those mankind acquired this wrongdoing from thei r folks. The conviction that all mankind bears the first sin is broadly acknowledged in the contemporary Christian people group. Along these lines, St Augustine’s origination of unique sin in the medieval period has formed present day Christianity. Next, St Augustine gives a point by point investigation of awesome elegance and the manner in which it influences the lives of Christians. He expresses that individuals do not have the capacity to do great or even react to the desire of God without his awesome intercession. To Augustine, Grace is the capacity of individuals to do great acts that are as per the desire of

Quizbowl free essay sample

After lunch, declarations are perused the publicaddress framework at my school. At the point when the educator comes to Quizbowl in room212, I emit, Yea, Quizbowl! Try not to get the wrongimpression Quizbowl isn't a significant or even a popular association. Infact, contrasted and most of exercises, it is at the base of the list.Those who advocate Quizbowl are regularly avoided, and I am the pioneer of theseoutcasts. Yet, to the individuals who are individuals, Quizbowl is in-your-face, unadulterated fun.As commander, I have altogether irritated some high-positioning school authorities on itsbehalf. As one instructor declared, Quizbowl is my child. All together tounderstand completely my job in Quizbowl and how this scholarly experience givesme such fulfillment, a clarification of the game is required. Quizbowl is, simplyput, a brain game. Our war zone is (generally) a table, and our weapons are ourbrains. It is best portrayed as Jeopardy! with groups. Groups buzz inanswers with focuses granted per question, and once in a while groups lose focuses forearly, off base answers. We will compose a custom exposition test on Quizbowl or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Contingent upon the competition, there might be one or twoopponents, extra inquiries, various kinds of inquiries in various rounds andmany different characteristics. The skippers work isn't just to lead the group, answerquestions and agent obligation, yet in addition to educate partners regarding the rules,when they ought to and ought not figure and what methodologies to take. Thereare two reasons this scholarly action gives me so much fulfillment. First,it isn't exceptionally well known, and the way that I have developed intrigue andmotivate individuals is a genuine achievement. The other is that we did fairlywell this year; at one competition we put higher than we have in manyyears. The absence of help for the group surprises me, for I findQuizbowl as elating as a b-ball game or tennis match. Fans who watchedus play at our high-putting competition were in for a treat. There, three teamsplayed at once, with each ensured three matches. The first-, second-andthird-place groups got three, two and one point(s), separately. Regularly ateam needs a score of six to progress. In our first match we were in last place,down by five, with time running out. While the last inquiry was being perused, oneof different groups hummed in mistakenly and early, getting a 5-point punishment. Ibuzzed in, accepting a cumbersome look from the arbitrator. His face appeared to say,Hey, kid, they just missed the point. I am going to peruse the entire inquiry foryou. What's going on with you? My answer, be that as it may, was right, which brought usinto second spot and in conflict for the consecrated evening adjusts. We placedsecond in our subsequent match, which incorporated the test of play ing last yearschampions. Our third match resembled our initial, a nail-biter to the completion. Weended up in the very same circumstance no time left as the last inquiry wasread. One of my colleagues hummed in, and starting there on my memory replays inslow movement. He proclaimed his answer in that moderate, profound, wave-like voice one hearsat an emotional crossroads in a film. He was right, we got a bonusquestion (which we additionally addressed effectively) and we won. In what manner can that not be asexhilarating as hitting a grand slam at the base of the ninth with the basesloaded? Our group earned seven focuses and put 34th out of 80 schools.Unfortunately, just the main 32 groups advance. Teddy Roosevelt once saidsomething along the lines that there is nothing in life all the more fulfilling thanworking hard at something valuable. That is the reason Quizbowl is so critical to meand such an extraordinary scholarly encounter. The group has beaten difficulty notonly in rivalry, yet additionally in its absence of help. I am glad to state that, tosome degree, I am liable for this.

How to Tackle the Giant Books in Your TBR Pile

How to Tackle the Giant Books in Your TBR Pile Anna Karenina sat on my TBR shelf for six years. It called to me. Every year I vowed to read it. From time to time, I would go over and pick it up and attempt to start it. But pretty quickly I would get overwhelmed by the sheer bulk of 964 pages and the ever-changing Russian names. Back on the shelf it would go. This is a common scenario for many readers. Big books can be hard to start and even harder to finish. There are several reasons why even the most devoted readers find themselves avoiding those doorstop classics and mammoth works of nonfiction. Yes, it takes time and persistence to wade through a book of several hundred pages, but the journey can be so rewarding. Here are five of the most common hurdles when reading long books and some suggestions for how you can finally tackle those big books in your TBR pile. PROBLEM #1: It’s SO many pages. I’m totally intimidated. via GIPHY SOLUTION: Try the Serial Reader App. Serial Reader is an incredible app that makes free classics available on your phone. You choose a book and the app sends you a 10â€"12 minute installment to read every day. It shows you the percentage of the book you have completed to keep you encouraged, and even sends little congratulatory messages when you’ve reached your reading goals. This was the perfect answer to my Anna Karenina dilemma, allowing me to take in this daunting book in manageable chunks. PROBLEM #2: It’s a long, hard, complicated book. Help! via GIPHY SOLUTION: Try a buddy read. Discussing a book with fellow readers can be invaluable. You can ask questions when you come across a confusing plot point, share the excitement and/or exasperation of a surprising character development, or simply cheer each other on to the next chapter. Try asking a friend or family member if they want to read the book with you. Or you may find a Goodreads group that is right up your alley. A friend of mine joined a buddy read going through  Infinite Jest    on Litsy last summer. She swore that she could not have done it alone, and now it is one of her favorite books ever. PROBLEM #3: This book weighs 400 pounds. I can’t take it anywhere. via GIPHY SOLUTION: Try an ebook. Sometimes the main problem with a big book is just that it’s, well, too big. Like many avid readers, I take a book with me everywhere. I like to have something to read when I find myself stuck in a long line, waiting at a doctor’s office, or just on lunch break at work. It took me a few months to get through The Warmth of Other Suns, not because I wasn’t enjoying it, but because it was simply too unwieldy to fit in my purse or hold comfortably in my hands for long stretches. Now when I read a book over 500 pages, an ebook format is my first choice. PROBLEM #4: I am confused, baffled, and ready to give up. via GIPHY SOLUTION: Try an audiobook. Sometimes a book has unique issues that are compounded by enormous length: a particularly complicated plot, a colossal cast of characters, an unusual dialect, etc. Uncle Tom’s Cabin posed a few of these challenges for me, and I was struggling mightily to get going in print. So I requested the audiobook from my library, and listening made the whole book make more sense. The skilled narrator made the southern accent easier to understand, and the different voices helped me differentiate the characters. If you are new to audiobooks, here’s some great info to help you get started. PROBLEM #5: This long book will take Forever. I want to read other stuff. via GIPHY SOLUTION: Take breaks. Stopping in the middle of most long-form fiction would prove troublesome, but this method is great with the right book. Sizable collections of short stories or essays would be ideal for this approach. Other lengthy nonfiction works, like historical books for instance, are often broken up into parts. Read part one, take a break to devour the latest new mystery, and then get back to the big book again. Now that you are armed with strategies to succeed, be brave! Gather up your courage and go attack those ginormous books languishing on your dusty shelf. You’ll be glad you did. via GIPHY

Nova Scotias Name Reveals This Provinces History

The province of Nova Scotia  is one of the ten provinces and three territories that make up Canada. Located on the far southeastern coast of the country, it is one of only three Canadian maritime provinces. How Did Nova Scotia Get Its Name? Currently nicknamed Canada’s Festival Province, the name Nova Scotia originates from Latin. Literally, it means New Scotland. Early Scottish Settlers Nova Scotia was founded in 1621 by  Sir William Alexander of Menstrier. He appealed to  King James of Scotland that a New Scotland was needed to expand national interests alongside New England, New France, and New Spain. Nova Scotia became an ideal territory for early Scottish settlers. Nearly a century later, after the United Kingdom gained control over the area, there was a massive Scottish immigration wave. Adventurous  Highlanders came from all over Scotland to settle throughout Nova Scotia. By the  mid-1700s, British military officer, general, and acting governor of Nova Scotia, Charles Lawrence, invited American New England residents to relocate to Nova Scotia. This was largely due to the expulsion of the  Acadians  that left large land vacancies and created yet another Scottish population surge. The new settlers were comprised of Scots that had previously fled to New England to gain religious freedom. These descendants formed a major part of the life and development of Nova Scotia and continued to stay in the province through successive generations. Modern Nova Scotia The Scottish became the third largest ethnic group in Canada, and their heritage is celebrated throughout Nova Scotia. Community events such as  Tartan days, clan gatherings, and showings of Highlander-based films like Braveheart, Trainspotting,  and  Highlander  reaffirm ancient Scottish pride. The kinship between Scotland and Canada is incredibly strong, and Scottish cultural influence is evident throughout the province. Visitors to Nova Scotia looking for an authentic cultural experience are invited to wear a kilt, enjoy the skirl of the bagpipes from a marching band, and see the  cabar  being tossed at one of the provinces many Highland Games events. Its also easy to find traditional Scottish dishes like haggis, porridge, kippers, black pudding, shortbread, cranachan, and clootie dumplings  with a Canadian twist at local restaurants. Sources: MacKay, Janet. Founding of New Scotland (Nova Scotia). Fifty Plus, November 1993. Wilson, Norry. Scotland and Canada. Scotland.org, February 6, 2019. Unknown. The Gaelic Culture of Nova Scotia is as Celtic as You Will Get! NovaScotia.com, 2017.

Hip Hop and its Beneficial Influence Essay - 651 Words

Throughout the past years Hip Hop and Rap artist use their music to express their views, opinions, and how they are feelings in their songs. From the artist lyrics some will have an understanding of what the artist is talking about because either they have done the same things or is having the same problem. The first amendment of the constitution is freedom of speech and that is all the artist is doing. Although there are many people saying rap music should be concealed because it spread a negative influence on the youth. Hip Hop today is growing all over the world. Hip Hop is at its highest standing-point now then where it ever was. But one question comes along with the growth of hip hop, and that is violence. Much hip hop artist today†¦show more content†¦A well known rapper by the name of T.I who is in prison right now did the selling of drugs and running around in the streets but changed his ways once he made it big in the rap game. Many people miss understand T.I becaus e of his recent conviction due to guns. What many do not know is that he was on a gang hit list and with him being the man of the house it was his job to protect his family. If I was in that situation I will do the same. Many people just look at the negative songs that come out but what they fail to realize is that there are many positive songs out too like: Live Your Life by T.I, Just A Kiss by Mishon to encourage the children not to move fast in a relationship. While many blame Hip Hop what about rock music, it promote the same things that Hip Hop do maybe more because rock promotes: sex, drugs, murder, and even suicide at some points. The media and hip hop have been working together to spread a positive impact Black Entertainment Television better known as BET is one of many hip hop stations spreading a positive message. Just recently they dedicated a whole month to all of the teenagers that have lost their life do to gang violence showing people how to make better choices and ho w to get out of the gang life. Black Entertainment Television also host AIDS awareness month andShow MoreRelatedHip Hop : A Cultural Force1568 Words   |  7 PagesHip-hop is a popular art form in today’s society, and it consists of rhyming lyrics that are delivered rhythmically over a musical beat. Knowing how far rap has come, from all the way back then starting out on the streets of New York in the mid 1970’s. Hip-hop has since become a multifaceted cultural force. It’s more than just music some people say and others think it is negative promoting bad things for young listeners. Now hip-hop is something people can relate to. A man by the name of RussellRead MoreSomething for Nothing: The Art of Rap1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe influence of Hip-Hop has never been as great as it is in this day and age. Often dismissed by a majority of America as simply a fad, hip hop has become a global phenomenon and has arguably been the most popular form of music for the past three decades. Hip-Hop has influenced art, language, fashion, culture, and sports. This music has been used to teach elementary level children, it has been taught in undergraduate universities and serves as a bridge for hundreds of philanthropies. The influenceRead MoreHip-Hop Culture Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages Hip-hop culture began to develop in the south Bronx area of New York City during the 1970s. It had a significant influence in the music industry. Hip-hop music generally includes rapping, but other elements such as sampling and beatboxing also play important roles. Rapping, as a key part in the hip-hop music, takes different forms, which including signifying, dozen, toast and jazz poetry. Initially, hip-hop music was a voice of people living in low-income areas, reflecting social, economic and politicalRead MoreHip-Hop’s Beneficial Influences on Teens1081 Words   |  5 PagesHip-Hop’s Beneficial Influences Hip Hop is a genre of music that was born around 70’s. This type of music doesn’t really involve singing but words that are spoken. Hip Hop is in a poetic form with simple phrases and it usually has end rhyme. The music genre known as Hip-Hop produces positive effects on teenagers of this generation. Hip Hop is this great form of music that is very much poetic and almost hypnotizing. It uses old classics of music that people already love and throws funky loopedRead MoreThe Differences Between Black And White1728 Words   |  7 PagesAfter having listened to hip hop music for years now, and after having taken this course I am convinced that the genre of hip hop emerged in response to the life experience that Black people have had in the United States since the days of slavery. While these people are no longer in chains, there are still significant differences between Black and White lives generally. There are statistics that pretty much remain constant throughout the years showing a definite lag in Black achievement in mostRead MoreThe Positive Effects of Music on Young Children Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagespeople have changed the way it sounds, how often we listen to it, and what purpose it serves. Uses for music have become more innovative and scientifically purposeful over the years. Recently, it has been proven that children who grow up under the influence of music have a rounder, fuller experience in their education. This higher education helps children later in life as teens and young adults. Music in the lives of young children improves cognitive knowledge as well as social skills (Borgese 2). Read MoreEssay On BreakinFrom 19841448 Words   |  6 Pagesfilm centered around the dancing culture of hip-hop cinema. It was released as an â€Å"Indie Film† in the beginning of the rise of hip-hop. The main character is Kelly, who has a desire to expand her jazz dance career to greater heights. She meets two street dancer, Ozone and Turbo and Kelly developed a passion for dancing along side them. An odd pairing, but one that would drastically advance Kelly’s dance skills and ability, and she knew it would be beneficial to her career. Kelly even assists them inRead MoreEssay on The Cultural Invasion of Kenya1242 Words   |  5 Pagesshirt, gray pants, black leather shoes, a green tie and green sweater. The American influence was still evident despite this homogenous look. Pete was an example of a victim of the culture invasion. He would often be seen with his pants held precariously at his hips only by a belt. Sagging soon caught on with many students and yet again, I admit, with me. Sagging probably had its origins in the popular American hip hop that appears on many local channels. While walking around in school, I would findRead MoreCorporate America And The Corruption Within The Hip Hop Culture1625 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption within the Hip-Hop Culture Being one of the more controversial lifestyles, the hip-hop culture has overcome many obstacles in the years to gain the respect it currently holds today. Indeed, there is still much controversy that lingers around the people within the movement, but â€Å"when untainted by outside influences and corporate vultures, hip-hop in its purest form is about empowerment, unity, culture, creativity, and hope† (Elkouby). The negative notions that regard the hip-hop culture can beRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music Essay1941 Words   |  8 Pageswith the increased presence of hip-hop culture within American culture, many educators no longer view hip-hop culture with the same air of skepticism common in the early stages of HHBE.† Hip Hop Based Education also referred to as HHBE is movement that helps bring hip hop into the classroom.(USE THAT SOURCE HERE) HHBE has many positive and influential outcomes for children living in inner cities. Hip hop music has categories and one of them i s rap. By bringing hip hop and rap music into schools it

Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(250) " The hazard of intellectual hemorrhage is besides addition in acute shot \[ 12 \] Antiplatelet drugs Aspirin Aspirin is an antiplatelet drug which exerts its consequence through irreversible suppression of thrombocyte Cox \( COX \) \[ 2 \] \[ 3 \] \." Stroke is described as encephalon hurt due to abnormalcy of blood supply to the encephalon [ 1 ] . In clinical presentation, shot is portrayed as an abrupt-onset neurologic shortage that last at least 24 hours and is of presumed vascular beginning [ 2 ] . Brain cells unlike other cells ; make non hold the capableness to execute anaerobiotic respiration to bring forth energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore changeless O and glucose must run into its demand for appropriate maps. Perturbations of blood flow leads to inadequacy of these constituents ensuing in lasting neurological harm, disablement or decease. Stroke is besides the 3rd commonest decease in the UK, with lone bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease accounting for more mortality [ 3 ] . Harmonizing to the British Heart Foundation ( Figure 1 ) , stoke histories for 9 % of all decease in the UK which is tantamount to 53000 deceases each twelvemonth [ 4 ] . Furthermore it besides causes premature mortality, obligated for over 9500 decease every twelvemonth in people under the age of 75, approximately one to twenty of all decease in this age group [ 4 ] . Types of Stroke Stroke occurs when the intellectual arteria that brings blood to the encephalon either becomes occluded or leaked. Therefore there are two sorts of shot ( Figure 2 ) . When blood vass are blocked, ischemia consequences while leaky vass causes bleeding ( Chart 1 ) . Ischemic shot is more common than hemorrhagic shot and it accounts for 87 % of all shot instances [ 5 ] . The hazard factors of shot includes age, familial, high blood force per unit area, smoke, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, happening of bosom onslaught or transient ischaemic onslaughts, fleshiness and other bosom diseases [ 6 ] as explained in deepness in table 1. Pathophysiology Ischemic Stroke The mechanism of ischaemia can be divided into 3 chief classs ; thrombosis, intercalation, and systemic hypoperfusion [ 1 ] . Thrombosis is the pathological formation of haemostatic stopper within the vasculature in the absence of shed blooding [ 3 ] . In simpler footings it refers to the coagulum in an arteria. Carotid coronary artery disease occurs at the site where the common carotid arteria bifurcates into the external and internal carotid arterias [ 7 ] ( Figure 3 ) . The coagulums will finally contract the arteria subdivisions and blood flow is badly reduced. However if the coagulum manages to interrupt free and dislodge in other variety meats such as the encephalon, bosom or kidneys ; intercalation is said to hold occurred. The embolus may come from assorted countries for illustration coagulums from bosom walls due to atrial fibrillation may so go up to the bifurcate country of the common carotid arteria therefore ensuing in an impeding blood flow to the encephalon. Finally, s ystemic hypoperfusion is due to a generalised loss of arterial force per unit area [ 8 ] . This is associated with terrible hypotension, monolithic myocardial infarction [ 8 ] , shed blooding and loss of fluid in organic structure tissues [ 1 ] . Haemorrhagic Stroke Haemorrhagic stroke can be divided in to several different subtypes, the most common being intracerebral and subarachnoid bleeding [ 9 ] . Intracerebral bleeding refers to haemorrhage in the encephalon peculiarly inside the pia affair while subarachnoid bleeding refers to bleedings outside the arachnoid but inside the dura affair [ 1 ] ( Figure 4 ) . Clinical findings Ischemic shot Signs /Symptoms Symptoms may happen depending on the type of arterias that are block and the location of the occlusion. If the internal carotid arteria is blocked, patients may see sightlessness on one oculus, hemiparesis ( inability to travel one half of the organic structure ) , prosopagnisoa ( inability to acknowledge faces ) , aphasia ( inability to speek ) and dysarthria ( ocular field effects ) [ 2 ] [ 7 ] [ 9 ] . However if the vertebral arteria is occluded ; giddiness, dizziness, dual vision and failing or centripetal perturbations in some or all or the limbs will attest. Other jobs such as depression, kiping trouble, deep vena thrombosis as a consequence from inability to travel legs for a long period of clip ensuing in pneumonic intercalation may besides originate in shot patients [ 1 ] . Diagnosis Ischemic patient will frequently hold a history of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, or valvular bosom disease [ 10 ] . Sudden oncoming of characteristic neurological shortage besides accounts for the diagnosing. Doctors besides test the patient A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s address, memory, ocular and facial motions [ 1 ] . Besides, a encephalon imaging trial such as CT ( Computed imaging ) and MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) scan of the caput is indispensable in excepting intellectual bleeding with intellectual infarct and tumor [ 10 ] . Electrocardiography ( ECG ) and a complete blood trial is besides done [ 1 ] . Haemorrhagic Stroke Signs /Symptoms In subarachnoid bleeding, symptoms such as sudden concern followed by a loss or damage of consciousness that may sometimes intensify to coma or decease may happen [ 10 ] . Almost similar symptoms were noted for intracerebral bleeding whereby consciousness is ab initio lost followed by frequent purging [ 10 ] . Diagnosis CT ( Computed imaging ) scanning is of import to corroborate that bleeding has occurred. [ 10 ] . Besides, a complete blood sugar, blood count, thrombocyte count, shed blooding clip, factor II and partial thrombokinase times and liver and kidney map trial [ 10 ] are besides carried out. Treatments The coveted intervention of shot is to cut down neural impairment, bar of secondary complications and to avoid shot return [ 2 ] . Treatment therapy can be farther divided into pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy. The list of drugs, their action and their side effects could be found in table 2. Pharmacologic therapy Ischaemic shot Thrombolytic drugs Alteplase ( rt, tissue-type plasminogen activator ) Alteplase is a thrombolytic drug which consist of a individual concatenation recombinant tPA. It has high selectivity for fibrin-bound plasminogen that on plasma plasminogen and being labelled amp ; acirc ; ˆ?clot-selective A ; acirc ; ˆA? [ 3 ] . It has the advantage of lysing merely fibrin [ 11 ] and less consequence on circulating, unbound plasminogen [ 14 ] . Patients under alteplast should be monitored for their intracranial bleeding and blood force per unit area. Besides, alteplast is besides contraindicated in patients with paroxysm attach toing shot, and a history of patients with diabetes [ 12 ] . The side effects of utilizing alteplast are chiefly nausea, purging and shed blooding. The hazard of intellectual hemorrhage is besides addition in acute shot [ 12 ] Antiplatelet drugs Aspirin Aspirin is an antiplatelet drug which exerts its consequence through irreversible suppression of thrombocyte Cox ( COX ) [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . Consequently, the transition of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A ( TXA ) , which is a powerful vasoconstrictive and stimulator of thrombocyte collection is later been prevented. As binding is irreversible, thrombocyte can non synthesis new protein due to the deficiency of nuclei therefore its map is altered for its full life span. Additionally, acetylsalicylic acid besides inhibits prostacyclin ( PGI ) synthesis in endothelium ; nevertheless depletion of prostacyclin is non prolonged as endothelium is able to synthesis new prostacyclins [ 2 ] . Hence acetylsalicylic acid is said to change the balance between TXA and PGI in such as manner that platelet anti-aggregating consequence is maintained. Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with hypersensivity to aspirin and other NSAID, active peptic ulceration, hemophilia and other hemorrhage upsets. Furth ermore cautiousness should be applied when utilizing with asthma patients. Its side effects include bronchospam and GI annoyance [ 12 ] . Clopidogrel Clopidogrel exhibits its consequence by moving as an inhibitor of the adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) tract of thrombocyte collection [ 2 ] and therefore suppress the activation of GP llb/lla receptors on thrombocyte which requires them to adhere to fibrinogen and each other [ 11 ] . Caution should be noted when utilizing clopidogrel with patients who are at hazard of shed blooding from injury or surgery. Furthermore it is contraindicated in patients with active hemorrhage. Clopidogrel is besides associated with side effects such as indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal hurting and hemorrhage upsets ( including gastrointestinal and intracranial ) [ 12 ] . Clopidogrel is frequently use concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid in cut downing shot [ 2 ] and used as a monotherapy when acetylsalicylic acid is non tolerated despite add-on of a proton pump inhibitor [ 12 ] . Dipyridamole Dipyridamole exert its consequence by increasing intracellular degrees of camp by suppressing cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase accordingly cut downing thromboxane Asynthesis which is potent in thrombocyte collection [ 11 ] . In add-on, dipyridamole is known to hold possible vasodilating belongingss through its suppression of adenosine consumption in vascular smooth musculuss [ 13 ] Dipyridamole is frequently combined with acetylsalicylic acid in a sustain release preparation for secondary bars of ischemic shot [ 13 ] and is uneffective when used entirely [ 12 ] . Besides, it should be used with cautiousness in patients with aortal stricture, declining angina and drugs that may increase hazard of shed blooding. Its side effects are GI effects, giddiness, and throbbing concern [ 12 ] . Ticlopidine Ticlopidine is a thienopyridine antiplatelet which has similar construction and mechanism of action to clopidogrel [ 2 ] . However it is associated with haematological perturbations such as neuropenia as it suppresses bone marrow. It besides causes roseola, diarrhea and elevated serum cholesterin degree [ 2 ] therefore it is debatable when administrating them to patients. Nevertheless it is given to patients who fail to react to aspirin, acetylsalicylic acids combined with dipyridamole and clopidogrel [ 13 ] . Anticoagulants Warfarin Warfarin is unwritten decoagulants which inhibit the decrease of vitamin K therefore interfering with post-translational -carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in coagulating factors [ 3 ] . Warfarin is use as bar of shot in patients with atrial fibrillation. Targeting an international standardization ration ( INR ) of 2.5 is recommended [ 2 ] . Caution should be noted on patients with a recent surgery, and attendant usage of drugs that increase hazard of shed blooding. Warfarin is besides contraindicated with peptic ulcer and terrible high blood pressure. Side effects are haemorrhage therefore monitoring INR is important as doses need to be adjusted and omitted suitably to forestall major and minor hemorrhage [ 12 ] . Lipid Regulating Drugs Lipid-lowering medicines Lipid-lowering medicines inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterin synthesis in the liver. Lowered intracellular concentrations stimulate an addition in look of low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) receptors in the liver ensuing in an increased consumption of LDL-cholesterol from plasma into liver cells. This mechanism reduces LDL and entire cholesterin in the plasma [ 14 ] . Statins is used as a secondary bar of shot in patients who have diagnostic atherosclerotic disease [ 3 ] though they may increase the hazard of early hemorrhagic enlargement [ 15 ] . Besides, lipid-lowering medicines should be carefully used in those with history of liver disease or high intoxicant consumption. Lipid-lowering medicines can do GI perturbations, concern, giddiness [ 12 ] and assorted muscular side-effects including myositis. Haemorrhagic stroke Vitamin K In intercerebral bleeding, vitamin K is normally given intraveneously [ 9 ] . Generally, vitamin K is of import in the formation of coagulating factors II, VII, IX and X. Side consequence includes hypersensitivity. Furthermore transfusions of thrombocytes and fresh frozen plasma are given [ 9 ] . Calcium channel blokers Nimodipine Nimodipine, a Ca channel blocker is normally given to forestall vasospasm and incidence of ischaemic neurological shortages following aneurismal subarachnoid bleeding [ 12 ] . It exerts consequence by doing generalized arterial/arteriolar distension and intellectual vascular beds. It should be carefully used in patients with intellectual hydrops, hypotension and those taking Citrus paradisi. It is besides contraindicated with unstable angina and those who are within one month of myocardial infarction. Nimodipine is besides associated with side effects such as hypotension, fluctuation of bosom rate, concern and GI upsets [ 12 ] . Nonpharmacologic Therapy Lifestyle alterations Post shot patients are encouraged to hold a healthy diet which involves devouring more fruits, and veggies with at least five parts per twenty-four hours. Reducing salt consumption, ruddy meat, debris nutrient and intoxicant ingestion is of import to command blood force per unit area. Home cook nutrient is extremely encouraged than eating out. Besides, quit smoke by motive and support is besides indispensable. Exerting such as walking on a treadmill for station shot patients helps cut down blood force per unit area, maintain organic structure weight, promote healthy bosom musculuss, and keep healthy balance of LDL and HDL in the blood. Surgical intercessions and rehabilitation Centres Craniectomy is used to let go of the lifting force per unit area in instances of ischaemic intellectual hydrops. Carotid endarterectomy ( surgical remotion of atheromas or coagulums ) of a stenosed carotid arteria is effectual to cut down shot incidence and return [ 9 ] . On the other manus, surgical intercession to either cartridge holder or ablate the piquing vascular abnormalcy reduces the opportunities of rebleeding in patients with subarachnoid bleeding [ 2 ] . Besides, stroke attention Centres such as rehabilitation has been shown to cut down disablement and aid patients to relearn loss accomplishments such as walking, pass oning and many others when portion of the encephalon is damaged. NICE Guidelines [ 15 ] Based on the shot algorithm on chart 2, FAST trial should be performed on those with sudden oncoming of neurological symptoms. However those with hypoglycemia should be excluded. Those with positive showing will undergo several diagnosings and appraisal of encephalon showing. If shot is indicated, the patient will be treated with alteplast less than 3 hours from the oncoming of shot. If there are no immediate indicants, scanning has to be done within 24 hours. Following, patients are admitted to acute shot unit for specializer and monitoring intervention. The types of shot will be identified. If it is an ischaemic shot, antiplatelet intervention with 300mg acetylsalicylic acid is given and in hemorrhagic shot, contrary decoagulants are given. Thereafter, supervising patients physiological demands will be done. Surgical referral and intercessions will be done if it is indispensable. Nevertheless, patients who do non necessitate any surgery will be given medical intervention before dis charged. Drumhead Stroke is one of the major unwellnesss that consequences in high per centum of mortality every bit good as disablement. Two major types of shot which accounts for the occluded or leaked arterias have given rise to ischemic and bleedings severally. Signs and symptoms of shot really much depend on the country of harm and the location of the incidence. Treatments available are divided into two parts which is pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacologic therapy. Pharmacotherapy interventions involve the use of drugs while nonpharmacologic therapy involves lifestyle alterations, surgical intercessions and rehabilitations. How to cite Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Immigration is powerful Essay Example For Students

Immigration is powerful Essay Immigration is powerful. Immigration is beautiful. Immigration is painful. Edwidge Danticat brilliantly shows all three sides of this journey in her memoir Brother, Im Dying. Danticat tells her family’s story, one of struggles and sacrifices, for they cannot. Her story, unfortunately, is not an uncommon one. Families all around the globe abandon their native country and language, pack up everything they own, and hope that somewhere across the sea, they can secure a safer, more blissful future for generations to come. In Danticat’s case, her family did not have much of a choice. Haiti was under attack and they knew that they had to either leave immediately or prepare for the worst. The decision to leave Haiti resulted in a life of pain, broken family ties, and alienation for the Danticat family. Imagine being a child whose parents live two thousand miles away. You are not allowed to visit them, and they are not allowed to visit you. Imagine being a parent whose child is across the ocean, and you’re unable to offer your love and care. Imagine saying goodbye to the only life you’ve ever known, and coming to a country that treats you like a criminal. For many immigrants, such painful scenarios have been all too real. Edwidge Danticat employs her simple storytelling to describe the personal and political sacrifices her family made as a result of their journey to this country. Joseph Dantica, Edwidge’s father, was an extraordinary man who fell into the wrong hands. He was the founder of a school and a church in Port-au-Prince. He survived throat cancer. He was a loyal family man, a husband, and a father figure to his niece Edwidge throughout her childhood. In life and in death, Joseph Dantica was a refugee with no real place to call home. When he began vomiti ng and collapsed during his interview, the medic on scene immediately said that he was faking, and never even bother to check up on him. Had she not refused to examine and treat him, the disease that later killed him could have been cured. In the eyes of the nation, he was nothing but a number. Alien 27041999. This begs the question: how could everything go so wrong in such a short period of time? Danticat cannot recall the moment she and her family departed Haiti, rather, she only remembers â€Å"wishing as we soared into the clouds that my uncle had cried a torrent of tears, had thrown himself on the ground and made a scene, all the while forbidding us to go† (109). Danticat’s memoir shows better than anything else how the journey of those who emigrate from one country to another involves great loss, as well as imminent gain. Children of immigrants have a hard childhood, and are often taken care of by their grandparents or other relatives. While Edwidge lived in New York and her father lived in Haiti, they kept contact with each other through hang-written letters. She learned to love her Uncle Joseph as a second father. They loved not only each other, but their native country of Haiti, through thick and thin: â€Å"Then, as now, leaving often seemed like the only answer, e specially if one was sick like my uncle or poor like my father, or desperate like both† (54). Many immigrants, like myself, overcome the deep sense of loss they experience when they leave their home and move to a new territory. You don’t know anyone, you don’t know where to go, and you don’t know how to communicate with others. Some days, you just feel homeless. The only thing you do know is that you’re in a better place. Although the process is difficult, immigration often enriches the life of a family. Edwidge uses flashbacks to tell her family’s story. Her flashbacks are not told in chronological order, but rather in the order of which they were told to her, and sometimes one memory triggers another. This unique order of the flashbacks allows the reader the gain insight between the past and the present. .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 , .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .postImageUrl , .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 , .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63:hover , .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63:visited , .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63:active { border:0!important; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63:active , .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63 .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a4791036dcbe6f318017afcdfa1af63:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parenting Styles EssayImmigration is a powerful journey. In Brother, I’m Dying, Edwidge Danticat demonstrates not only the pain and sorrow that her family experienced, but concluded with a message; a message of courage. Her memoir demonstrates, better than anything else, how much immigrants sacrifice along the way. Edwidge will be forever in debt for what her father and her uncle sacrificed and experienced for her well-being. Their selflessness provides a heart-breaking sense of that through all that was lost, everything was gained.

POWERPOINT PR1 Essays - Countries, Southeast Asia,

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 High School Teachers Perception Who Use Filipino Language as a Medium of Instruction Regarding on Filipino Subjects Removal in Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Dinahum Danaleth Batalon Jomel Dela cruz Nathaniel Eduarte Arneliza Jacinto Gesel Lorenzo King Edmar Reyes Maricar PIC HEREstyle.visibilitystyle.visibilitystyle.visibilitystyle.visibilitystyle.visibilitystyle.visibilitystyle.visibilitystyle.visibilitystyle.visibility Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Filipino subjects removal in college is a very practical action of CHED since we are all aware that Filipino subject has already taught during primary and secondary level of education. Practical Research 1 Batch 2019style.visibilitystyle.visibilityppt_xppt_y Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING However, the CHED must know or asses the consequences first of this action of theirs before implementing such actions. Practical Research 1 Batch 2019style.visibilitystyle.visibilityppt_xppt_ystyle.visibilityppt_xppt_ystyle.visibilityppt_xppt_y RESEARCH QUESTIONS Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior Highstyle.visibilityppt_wppt_hppt_xppt_ystyle.visibilityppt_wppt_hppt_xppt_y RESEARCH QUESTIONS Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior Highstyle.visibilityppt_wppt_hppt_xppt_ystyle.visibilityppt_wppt_hppt_xppt_y RESEARCH QUESTIONS Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior Highstyle.visibilityppt_wppt_hppt_xppt_ystyle.visibilityppt_wppt_hppt_xppt_y III. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 Out of more than 20 high school teachers of Ramon National High School, only 10 selected High School teachers who use Filipino language as a medium of instruction were interviewed in conducting this study.style.visibilityppt_xppt_y III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 Case study type of research design was chosen as the best research design associated in this study since it is a research strategy and an empirical inquiry that investigates within its real-life context that based onstyle.visibilitystyle.visibilityppt_xppt_y Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 in-depth investigation of a single individual, group or event to explore the causes of underlying principle. Through this research design, it also aims to describe a person, a thing, or any creatures on earth for the purpose exploring the reason behind the nature of its existence. style.visibility Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 Hence, the researchers were able to define and describe easily the reasons why CHED planned to remove Filipino subject and how they managed to spill this bean while thinking the implications and consequences and/or effects which is the primary aim of this research.style.visibility Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 III. SUMMARY, AND CONLUSION RECOMENDATIONS This study was done by interviewing ten (10) respondents from Ramon National High School teachers. Interview questions as regards to the study were used to gather information. Data analyzing on the transcript was used to find out the perceptions of High school teachersstyle.visibilityppt_wppt_hstyle.rotationstyle.visibilityppt_wppt_h Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Ramon National High School-Senior High Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 who use Filipino language as medium of instruction regarding on Filipino subjects removal in CHED accommodating only the scope and delimitations of the study. After the rigid analysis, the findings were formulated.style.visibility Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region 02-Schools Division of Isabela Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 III. FINDINGS There were four (4) answers given by some respondents regarding on Filipino subjects removal in CHED. These were (a) Filipino subjects removal in CHED is still a puzzle, (b) Filipino subjects removal is because of Filipino and English language are the same in content,style.visibilityppt_xppt_yppt_yppt_yppt_ystyle.visibility Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region 02-Schools Division of Isabela Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 III. FINDINGS (c) Filipino is already part of the curriculum in Primary and Secondary School and; (d) Removal of Filipino Subject is due to modern technologies.style.visibilityppt_xppt_yppt_yppt_yppt_ystyle.visibility Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region 02-Schools Division of Isabela Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 Respondents reactions regarding on Filipino subjects removal in terms of job employment are (a) Filipino teachers are being threatened and; (b) The respondents are disappointed.style.visibility Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region 02-Schools Division of Isabela Practical Research 1 Batch 2019 The impacts of Filipino subjects removal in CHED to the students regarding on their patriotism or nationalism were (a) It will lead to the erosion of our own national identity, (b) It will affect the competitiveness of the students,style.visibilityppt_xppt_y Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region 02-Schools Division of Isabela Practical Research 1

Great Expaectation, Pip and Estella essays

Great Expaectation, Pip and Estella essays A. Time what a peculiar concept. It is not only the passing of minutes, second, the ticking of a clock. It is also change. Change of people Change of places. B. Overtime Estella went through great changes in the way she viewed Pip.Estella is cruel and incapable of love yet Pip never stops loving her. A. As kids Estella thinks very little of Pip and treats him poorly. 1. Estella did not find Pip attractive 2. She barely considered him a person, She thought of him as a play toy her mother had gotten for her. 3. He was a companion Estella could play with, hurt and tease. B. When they are older Estella starts to think differently of Pip . She starts to regret her poor treatment of him and eventually they become friends. 1. Estella has previously been married but it was an unhappy marriage and her husband had been killed by a horse that he had miss treated. Pip is happy when he hears Estella is single again. Estella hears the news of Pip new found fortune. 2. Estella has many admierers and she deceives and manipulates them but she said she does not treat Pip in such a manner. 3. Pip comes to realize that they are not meant to be together when he finds that Ms. Havisham did not leave him his fortune and they become friends. C. Even though Estella is cruel and unable to love, because of her upbringing by Ms. Havisham who had been hurt by men and raised Estella to be hard and tough, Pip still loved Estella. 1. Almost the whole book Pip is convinced that him and Estella are meant to be together forever. 2. Pip is innocent and naive and never utters a complaint even when Estella treats him so poorly. 3. Pip looks forward to visiting Estella, he thinks about her all the time and sees her as much as possible even thought she is so mean to him. A. Over time Estella went through great changes in the way she viewed Pip ...

Managing People in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing People in Context - Essay Example This report is based on the Human Resource Management issues that the firm is facing and it aims to look into the problem thoroughly and on the basis of the analysis, it will recommend a certain course of actions that could be taken in order to guide top-level management into making the most efficient and wise decision. Â  The report considers that all possible means of data collection that could be taken from the staff reports and feedback from the workers. It then aims to use various theoretical frameworks that are used in the management in order to arrive and recommend certain actions that could solve the problem that the firm is facing. First of all, the overall human resource policy that we are following is very outdated. This policy is based on the slow and gradual progression of employees who move from the lowest grade to the highest. However, this policy is not appreciated by employees anymore who want rapid changes in the fast-moving world. The researcher would have to info rm that sticking to policy would mean that we will not be able to hire the best possible talent that is available in the market and it will also make the retention of existing pool of skilled employees difficult. In the long-run, as a result of this, we will lag behind our competitors if we do not look at our policy and revise it according to the changing needs of the time. The second important issue that there was a little representation of females in our top-hierarchy and similarly, there is an even lesser representation of minority groups.... By not giving the representation to females and minorities on our top-level panels, we are not letting some new and ground-breaking ideas pass through and hence in the future, we might face scarcity of new ideas that could harm the firm's ability to compete with other firms in the same field. (Heery and Simms, 2009) Furthermore, equally perilous issue is the fact that our workforce is facing a lot of stress and little drive towards work due to the way our compensation and reward system has been derived. There are many people who have complained about the fact that their hard performance goes wasted as there are ineffective promotions and motivation policies that our firm has employed. Furthermore, many of our worker are close to joining a trade union. So, we should try solving their grievances now, in order to form a blockade against the union's entry into the industry. Conclusion: I would like to conclude my report by saying that the human resource system that we are following is faulty and outdated. We cannot stick to it as by clinging onto it, I can see various problems approaching the firm which could be very threatening and in the future the firm may have to spend a lot more in order to correct the situation. Recommendations: Immediate revamping of the current human resource policy and changing it with the modern human resource policy that will help the firm in retention and attraction of new talent who will take the firm to new heights. This can be making the current human resource policy more flexible and hiring people at all levels in the hierarchy and not just at the lowest grade. They further enhance the performance of workers by providing them training as

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice - Essay Example However, medical practitioners can be faced with a dilemma that forces them to make a compromise between maintaining patient confidentiality and releasing such information in some circumstances. This could also be necessitated by various logical and justifiable situations that are supported by ethical principles. My position regarding patient confidentiality is that there are times in which the physician is logically justified to go against the implied promise of confidentiality and disclose the patient information. The first is the principle of beneficence where the decision made provides and balances benefits against harm and risks. For example where patient bills are paid by a health insurance company, such records have to be viewed by employees of the insurance company. If this is denied, the insurance company will not pay the bills. According to Veatch (1988), a breach of confidentiality could also be done in compliance with rules governing transmittable diseases that are a threat to the public. This means officials from the health department have the right to access such patient information. Most importantly, the breach of patient confidentiality is justifiable in cases where the patient is a minor. According to Nathanson (2000), young patients are allowed to test for certain diseases like STDs without the consent of their parents. However, when tested positive for serious conditions, a disclosure of this information to the parents or guardians is very critical. This is because it will ensure that the young patient gets proper medical attention and all round support. Hanks (2008) states that it may never be possible for a young patient to get any proper medical treatment if their medical information is kept away from their parents or guardians. This is because the minors might not be in a position to stand in for their medical bills. According to Silen et al (2008), there are situations in

The Effects Of Social Isolation Nursing Essay

The Effects Of Social Isolation Nursing Essay A 60 years old female XYZ patient was admitted in hospital with organic brain syndrome two years ago. She is still hospitalized. My first interaction with patient was when I entered her room, she told me to get out. In second interaction as I tried to talk to her, she listened to me only for two minutes but didnt answer me and instructed her care-taker to tell me to leave the room. My further attempts at interaction with the patient would result in conversations not lasting 2-4 minutes and then she would remove herself to a place where no one would bother her. Most of the time, she kept herself in her room and become aggressive when someone tried to take her outside. She couldnt concentrate on one thing more than 2 minutes. Her major symptoms were short attention span, impaired recent memory and poor judgment. In three weeks rotation I have found she was reluctant to talk with others. She felt more comfortable when no one disturbed her. Initially she was very strongly guarded but very gradually as I worked with her, things began to improve. I made small interventions to make her socialize, such as, every day I took her outside and asked her to greet the health care professionals etc. The end result of these little efforts was very positive. The health care professionals noticed a discernable change in her behavior. Now this patient greets others and responds more positively. The Doctor said she showed very positive improvements and recommended these interventions should be continued. The concept which came in my mind and very perceptibly I have found in my patient was social isolation. According to Nicholas R, Nicholson Jr. (2009) Social isolation is suggested, state in which the individual lacks a sense of belonging socially, lacks engagement with others, has a minimal number of social contacts and they are deficient in fulfilling and quality relationships(p.1346). Social isolation is a social condition that leaves significant effects on psychological well-being and physical health, with the costs of these conditions particularly higher among old and mentally ill patients. According to Havens et al. cited by Nicholas R Nicholson Jr. (2009) Psychological barriers such as decline in cognition, poor or altered mental healthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ factor that lead to social isolation (p.1346). If I relate the concept with my patient she likes to live alone, unable to share her life experiences, lack of belongingness with others, unable to do her activity daily living and these all were because of her cognitive impairment and low concentrate level which leads her towards social isolation in her. Many factors which leads to social isolation. In Pakistan, gradually we are loosing our traditional values, social bonds like family and neighborhood. With changing socio-economic and cultural conditions, we witness the emergence of nuclear families living separately rather than the traditional extended families living together. Literature on social isolation is not available about our country but I have found the South Asian Article (New Delhi India). Indian culture is similar to ours and we can easily relate their findings to our context. Age Well Foundation (2010) stated that Ever-changing socio-economic scenario of the country has resulted in emergence popularity of nuclear family à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they felt themselves completely isolated and alone (p.21). According to Age Well Foundation (2010) In urban areas 39.1% older persons were reported isolated socially as well as emotionally (p.09). In late age certain human faculties become enfeebled. For instance cognitive impairment, physical frailty, restricted ability for social interaction. If this is accompanied with social isolation, the chances of depression occurring are much increased. If the situation continues, the person is caught in a downward spiral where social isolation and depression feed on each other, and the person becomes deprived of the ability to conduct social interaction. According to Draper cited by Heather L. Menne et al. (2009) left untreated depression and depressive symptoms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ intensified problems with cognitive processing (p.554). According to Amin A. Gadit M. (2010) Among the mental illnesses, depression 22.9%prevalence of depression among elderly (p.03). Chronic illnesses, the death of friends and loved ones and feelings of social isolation can add up to social isolation in older adults. According to Ather M Taqui et al. The prevalence of depression in the elderly in our study was 19.5% (p.04). They also mentioned the cause of depression was nuclear family and due to less social interaction with family, elderly suffer from depression. Stigmatization towards mental illness is very common, which make mentally ill patients socially isolated more. Zahid, J. et al. (2006) stated The younger respondents felt that people with schizophrenia, depression and drug abuse are dangerousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ more likely to blame people with drug abuse problems for their drug use (p.57). Care-taker perceptions towards old age people and for mentally ill patients are also contributing factor towards social isolation. According to Baltes and Smith quoted by Graeme Hawthorne (2006) It is a stereotype of later life that there is a network of loneliness, social isolation and neglect (p.522). During my mental health clinical, I observed that care-takers think that if they fulfill the patients physical needs, give them medicine on time, this is more than sufficient. Their attitudes toward old age was as they are very old, there is no hope for them to cure from mental illness. The same thing was happened with my own patient. Her care-takers perceptions were now my patient is very old and you dont need to make any efforts because since two years I am with her but there are no positive improvements. Roys Adaption Model (Roy Andrews 1999) is one conceptual and theoretical model in nursing with which social isolation fits well. In this model she focused on four modes of adaptation, physiologic-physical, Self-concept, Role function and Interdependence Mode. If human declines in one mode it has specific affects on physical and mental health. According to Nicholas R, Nicholson Jr. (2008) Being socially isolated can be conceptualized as having ineffective self-concept or Interdependence mode responses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the person has failed to adapt and this is manifested by being socially isolated (p.1349). Through this model a nurse can observe the behavior of the person is adaptive or maladaptive. Self-concept mode focused on psychological and spiritual sense of integrity and purpose of living in the universe. When someone looses sense of psychological well being, has no purpose of life, unconcerned with others, this makes a person socially isolated. Cognitive impairment is the major cause which interferes in this mode and the person feels helpless to adapt this mode effectively and goes into social isolation. Interdependence mode deals with human relationships with others, their purpose, structures and how it grows individually and in a group. When a person fails to adapt this mode appropriately and shows less concern towards close relations, or a persons loved ones show less concern toward the person it makes the person socially isolated. Social isolation has strong connection with mental illness. Social isolation and cognitive impairment go side by side. According to Ellis and Hickie cited by Graeme Hawthorne (2006) In addition there are associations between social isolation and mental illnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ premature death (p.522). My patient was socially isolated due to impaired cognitive abilities, short attention span and impaired recent and immediate memory. Older people need more concentration and care as I relate the above with my patient, she was 60 years old and struggling to remember recent events and concentrate on one point. When she failed to do these tasks which hinder her communication and daily activities, this made her more agitated and led to social isolation. In old age cognitive impairment decline daily activities, loss of interest in social interaction, face difficulties to express their own feelings and to understand others ideas. All these things also play a significant role in social isolation. According Van Oostrom cited by Graeme Hawthorne (2006) Related to difficulties with mild cognitive impairmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦partner loss and institutionalization (p.522). Research conducted on social isolation has identified many different factors that might contribute to social isolation in older adults, Physical environment factors such as place of residence, geographic distance from family or friends. According to Kaneda cited by Barratt J. (2007) In developing countries growing numbers of older à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦isolation bereft of the traditional environment of an extended family (p.02). In the light of literature, my patient was dependent on the care-taker in hospital although she fulfills her physical needs but I never observed her encourage the patient to mingle with others. In my view this was also one of the causes for her social isolation. Maintaining relationships and participating in social activities have been associated with improved memory and intelligence in the elderly. There are many strategies which as a nurse we can develop to take out a person from isolation. Studies found that educational and social activity, group interventions that target specific groups of people can alleviate social isolation among older people. Patient assessment I have covered in the scenario. I had planned strategies at the individual, family, group and institutional level. But I just got a chance to implement on the individual and institutional level. Strategies for individual: I worked on her short attention span and on social isolation. Initially I asked her to come out from the room, we would take a round in corridor. She refused but gradually she accepted. I made her friend of the other staff, explored her life achievements and acknowledged it in front of other staff; made her sit in the garden and in the television room, Every day I took her outside and encouraged her greet the health care professionals. I involved her in occupational therapy although out of eight days occupational therapy sessions she only attended three sessions and only in the last session she sat for as long as ten minutes and talked with doctor and answered the questions appropriately. I asked her the old admitted patients names and she could recall most of their names. I encouraged her to sit and talk to them. I tried to involve her in a daily routine, like, to decide what she would like to wear next day and to ensure to brush her teeth and wash her face herself. I think to involve the socially isolated patient in her daily routine is the best technique to take them out from their condition. I gave her the opportunity for decision making, such as I wanted to talk to her and where would she want to sit and for how long could we sit together. As a result, it made her talk and use her cognitive ability. I asked her about her interests. She told me, she liked to recite her religious verses and Nat I asked her to recite in the occupational therapy session. There everybody acknowledged her and she was encouraged to talk about herself. She said she had performed Hajj with her husband and now my husband is not alive. I tried to involve her in drawing but for this she strictly refused me, but asked me to write down the name of Allah. She promises to color it but later on she refused. On a group level, I tried to engage her in group activities but due to time constraint, I was not able to implement. I was planned to involve her in psycho education and in cognitive behavioral therapy, group discussions with set agendas, exercises group to promote physical activity. It was also difficult for my patient to cope at that time, but I believe if I could stay longer with her or at least go every week on clinical rather than alternate weeks, I could achieve this task as well. We can involve them in occupational therapy sessions and make a play group where they can play small native games. According to Dana A Glie, et al. (2005) elderly non demented subjects found that participating in cognitively stimulating leisure activities (e.g. playing board games) protected against development of dementia (p.865). My patient was interested in reciting the Quran and if she recites in a group it make her socialize with others and women who are gathered there can share their interests as well. According to Andersson cited by Cattan M. (2005) (1) found that among small groups of older women who lived alone and who discussed health-related topics, significantly reduced loneliness and increased social contact, self-esteem and participation in organized activities was found. (p.05) Family can also follow the above individual level strategies which I had done with my, if person lives at home. They can give appropriate time to them, involve them in their discussion. As a nurse I could conduct teaching on patient disease process and on social isolation with family and teach them how to deal with the isolated patients. At institutional level we can conduct the workshops, seminars, can make nurses group who entirely deal with isolated patient, provide more information on social isolation in different disease. Attendant nurse teaching should be conducted because they should also know the reasons; consequences of social isolation. I have conducted the teaching on social isolation and on major symptoms of my patient disease which leads to social isolation with two attendant nurses (N/A). At community level we can make community support group for old people, plan activities which they can do easily. Initially when I start reading this topic my understanding about it, was very limited. I thought loneliness and isolation are the same topic but as I read more about it I have found loneliness is purely a persons own feeling and even though a person who involves in a group or sits in a group can go through the loneliness feelings. Whereas social isolation is with-drawl from surrounding, a person has no concern with others. Before dealing with this patient I felt that to approach this patient was very difficult because this patient was not only mentally ill but also isolated and would not let others interact with her. Gradually I started and noticed the difference. Social isolation in older people is very common and it leaves its great impact on mental health. It does not only impair the cognitive ability, it also declines the daily activities. As a nurse it is our responsibility to deal these patients with endurance, educate the family and care takers to overcome the physical and mental health problems. I also learnt that there is a great contribution of care-takers to make patient socially isolated and if we as a care-taker take a responsibility to give them psychological support and treat them according to their capacity they can also spend a normal life or even we can prevent them from deteriorating.

Srs for Bpo Management System

CALL CENTRE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Vision Version ABSTRACT: A Call center is an area where several customer service representative (CSR) agents are located to man a bank of telephones and computer terminals. These agents are specially trained on telephone etiquette, the type of customer queries, that may arise and on how to respond to these queries in a quick and efficient manner.A Call center can also equipped with an automatic call handling system like an Interactive Voice Response system (IVR) so that all routine, repetitive queries   Call center has tremendous impact on business. Call centers for selling goods and services, as well as call centers for providing customer care, is going to become a familiar part of the business of virtually every person. Call centers also pioneered the developed of self-service via the telephone, using interactive voice response technology.It is providing a richer and friendlier environment for self-service transactions than the tone telephone can be answered by the system without the customer having to speak to a CSR agent Revision History |Date |Version |Description |Author | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Table of Contents 1. Introduction1 . 1. Purpose and Intended Audience1 1. 2. Scope of Product1 1. 3. Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations2 1. 3. 1. Definitions2 1. 3. 2. Acronyms3 1. 3. 3. Abbreviations4 1. 4. Overview4 1. 5. References4 2. General Description6 2. 1. Product Perspective6 2. 2. Product Features6 2. 2. 1. Data Management6 2. 3. User Characteristics7 2. 3. 1. Use-Case Diagram7 2. 3. 2. Actors7 2. 3. 3. Use-Case Descriptions7 2. 3. 4. Scenarios8 2. 3. 5. Usermanual 8 2. 4.General Constraints12 2. 5. StakeholderProfile 12 2. 6. UserEnvironment 12 3. Product Overview6 4. Specific Requirements13 4. 1. External Interface Requirements13 4. 1. 1. User Interfaces13 4. 2. System Requirements18 4. 2. 1. Hardware requirements18 4. 2. 2. Software requiements18 4. 2. 3. Software interface22 4. 3. Non-behav ioral Requirements28 4. 3. 1.Performance Requirements28 4. 3. 2. Qualitative Requirements28 4. 3. 3. Design and Implementation Constraints28 4. 3. 4. Benifits29 Vision Introduction 1 Purpose and Intended Audience Call Center Management System is an Intranet and Internet Application which deals with Automation of a call center, Recruitment, performance of call center executives, payroll management and also deals with Customer Queries. 2 Scope of Product This system shall give a solution to ensure that the Customer can use the proposed new channels to access information as well as submit applications and first appeals.System shall comprise of the Call Centre and the Web Portal. We would like to maintain a common application to submit applications/first appeals received through the proposed new channels i. e. Call Centre and Portal. This common application shall be the Web Portal. Customers can be Citizens as well as Government officials. Broadly, the scope of work will comprise the fo llowing: 1. Setup, Operate and Maintain Call Centre 2. Develop, Implement and Maintain Portal 3. Provisioning of Data Centre– Disaster Recovery services for hosting of Portal 4.Training to Government Personnel 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 1 Definitions The definitions in this section are given in the context of the product being developed. This intention is to assist the user in their understanding of the requirements for the system. |TERM |DEFINITION | |A-K |Program outcomes defined by BPO management system.Please refer to [1] for a complete list. | |Archive |To maintain data in a designated repository; in BPOMS, data will be maintained in the central| | |database. | |Assessment |The systematic and periodic evaluation of whether call centre executives are suitable to | | |answer all the customer queries. |Call center Number |A center request number | |Central database |An MS-Access database maintained by the BPO company to store queries related to call center . | |Product Request Number |Unique, five-digit identifier assigned by the system to identify each category in the call | | |center. |Download |Transferring data files from a main source to a secondary source. | |Encrypt |The alteration of data so that it is meaningful only to the intended receiver. | |Mapping |The linkages of two objects, e. g. , a customer query to a solutions in the database. | |System outcomes |This will include the sections comes under call center in which customer can ask their | | |queries. |Property list |A list of properties or attributes associated with an object; in BPOMS this is a list of | | |login names of the customer who can access call center and the list is associated with a call| | |center section. | |category number |A 3-digit field that corresponds to a category in the call center. | |Server |The main computer in a network.A central computer that connects and services those computers| | |(clients) attached to it. | |Customer |A person who wants to clarify his/her query related to the system. | |User profile |User characteristics maintained by the system | |Weight |A factor used to adjust a value. | 3 Acronyms ACRONYM |MEANING | |BPOMS |BPO Management System | |CSR |Customer Service Representative | |PRN |Product Request Number | |DBMS |Database Management System | |DFD |Data Flow Diagram | |GUI |Graphical Use Interface | |OMT |Object Modeling Technique | |SRS |Software Requirements Specification | |TBD |To Be Determined | |IVRS |Interactive Voice Response system | 5 Abbreviations |ABBREVIATION |MEANING | |e. g. For example | |Id |Identification | |i. e. |Such as | |info. |Information | 5 Overview The SRS is divided into three major sections: Introduction (Section 1), General Description (Section 2), and Specific Requirements (Section 3). This overview describes Section 2 and Section 3 of the SRS. Section 2 includes five subsections. Section 2. 1 provides a description of the product, its overall structure, and its functionality. Section 2. 2 summarizes the main features of the software from a high-level point of view. Section 2. identifies the different users of the system. This is accomplished through use-cases. A summary of the actors, use-cases, and scenarios is given. Section 2. 4 states existing constraints. Section 2. 5 gives the assumptions and dependencies of BPOMS. Section 3 includes four major subsections. External Interface Requirements (Section 3. 1) gives the requirements for user, hardware, software and communications interfaces. Behavioral Requirements (Section 3. 2) organizes the requirements in the following categories: same class of user, related real-world objects, stimulus, related features and functional requirements. Non-behavioral Requirements (Section 3. ) consists of performance and qualitative requirements, as well as design and implementation constraints. Section 3. 4 outlines database, operations and site adaptation requirements. 6 References ? www. google. com ? www. wikipedia. com ? IEEE SRS format General Description 1 Product Perspective BPOMS is designed to provide call center with a tool that facilitates in clarifying the queries of the customer. A more complete description of BPOMS’s functionality can be found in Section 2. 2. There are various existing products that have similar functionality to BPOMS. Although the some software products provide many of BPOMS’s features, the ability to manage and map outcomes to assessment items is not supported. 2 Product FeaturesThe main purpose of this system is to increase a company’s flexibility. However, several sources have different ways in which they perceive organizational flexibility. Therefore business process outsourcing (BPO) enhances the flexibility of an organization in different ways. 1 Data Management When managing customer query-related data, the system will allow the supporter to perform operations such as entering possible queries, entering solutions to th e queries. Data management includes the entry, storage, and manipulation of different methods of assessment. BPOMS will also provide executive with a tool with which they will check for the validation for every query he/she arise.This includes exceptional solution features such as displaying queries and their solutions in two levels: by category, and by product request number. 3 User Characteristics The main user of BPOMS is the customer. She/he is the person who is primarily in charge of a particular query for which call center is being performed. Because the system will have a GUI with a standard format, the customer will not need to have a high level of technical expertise. The following subsections present the Use-Case model for BPOMS. After presenting the use-case diagram, the section describes the actors, use cases, and scenarios. See Appendix A for the high-level use-case diagram. 1 Use-Case Diagram See Appendix B for a high-level, use-case diagram 2 ActorsBPOMS classifies th e actors of the system into three groups: Customer: The customer can login into the system by enter his/her details, ask queries and get the solutions. Central Database: The central database is responsible for storing data related to customer queries and its solution. Call center executive: Responds to calls by asking the customers query and provide solutions to the customer. Supporter: Perform searching operation to give solutions to the customer from the database. Admin: Maintains the data stored in the database and update the queries and its solutions in the database. 3 Use-Case Descriptions †¢ Customer Registration: This module deals with Customer Registration to the web site before querying to the call center Executive. Customer Queries:  This module deals with queries put forth by the customer through mail. †¢ Recruitment Module : This module deals with Recruitment process of a call center executive †¢ Payroll Module:  This deals with payment calculation of a call center employee based on the policies of the company. †¢ Employee Module: This deals with managing the call center employees and customers. The use cases that are associated with an include relationship are as follows: †¢ Access the system: the customer can access the system through a unique login name and password. †¢ Open section: the customer can select a category from the list of category that comes under call center.The use cases that are associated with an extend relationship are as follows: †¢ Set password – The customer can set the password for accessing and entering information on the system. †¢ Set property list – The customer can set the property list that gives the login names for the customer who can access a center. 4 Scenarios Use Case: Customer Registration Actor: Customer and database Scenario: 1. The customer enters values for the following attributes: a. name b. contact number c. date of birth d. password e. email-id 2 . The customer saves the information to the database. Alternatives: 1. The customer does not enter all required information. 2. The customer modifies a value in an existing attribute. 3.The customer enters a new value to an existing attribute. 4. The customer enters an incorrect value for product number. 5. The customer enters an incorrect value for PRN. Use Case: Customer Query Actor: Customer, database, and call center executive Scenario: 1. The customer enters values for the following attributes: a. customer name (first, last, middle initial) b. password c. query category 2. The customer asks for the solution with the call centre executive. Alternatives: 1. The customer does not enter all required information. 2. The customer modifies a value in an existing attribute. 3. The customer enters a new value to an existing attribute. 4.The customer enters an incorrect value for username and password Use Case: Customer login Actor: Customer, database Scenario: 1. The customer enters a l ogin name. 2. The customer enters a password. 3. The local database confirms the password through the local database. Alternatives: 1. The customer enters an incorrect login name. 2. The customer enters an incorrect password. Use Case: Open category Actor: Customer, database Scenario: 1. The customer selects a category in which he/she can ask queries from a list of categories in the system. 2. The general information about the system is displayed. Alternatives: None Use Case: Set password Actor: Customer, database Scenario: 1.The customer selects the option to change password. 2. The system prompts the customer for a password. 3. The customer enters a password. 4. The system prompts the customer to renter the password. 5. The system accepts the new password Alternatives: 1. The password that the customer enters the second time does not match the previously entered password. Use Case: Recruitment Module Actor: Executive, database Scenario: 1. This module deals with Recruitment proces s of a call center executive. 2. The system will store the details of the executive in the database. Alternatives: 1. An executive name is invalid. Use Case: Payroll Module Actor: Executive, database Scenario: 1.This module deals with payment calculation of a call center employee based on the policies of the company. 2. The system will store the salary details of the employee in the database. Alternatives: A payment calculation is incorrect. Use Case: Employee Module Actor: Executive, database Scenario: 1. This module deals with managing the call center employee and customer. 2. The system will store the details of the employee and customer in the database. Alternatives: An executive name is invalid. 2. 3. 5 USER MANUAL ? Customer: a person who has mediated interface at Call Centre via telephone or direct interface at the portal. ? Appellate Authority: a person who receives and responds to the customer calls. Call Centre Executive: Responds to calls for mail and Submit application a nd first appeal on behalf of customer in system. ? User: A person who provides the data for a computer system, updates the data, and uses reports from the system in his or her daily work. ? Server: The main computer in a network. A central computer that connects and services those computers (clients) attached to it. 2. 4 General Constraints The general constraints on the development of the system are as follows: †¢ The system will not be accessible to unauthorized customers. †¢ All data transmitted to the central database will be encrypted. †¢ The customer should ask a valid query with the call center employee. 2. 5 Stakeholder Profile |S.NO |STAKEHOLDER |ROLES |INTERFACE | |1 |Customer |Mediated interface at Call Centre via telephone |Direct interface at the system | | | |Direct interface at the portal | | |2 |Appellate Authority |Receives first appeal |Direct Interface at system | | | |Responds to appeal | | |3 |Call center executive |Responds to calls for mail | Indirect Interface at system | | | |information, application and appeals | | | | |Submit application on behalf of customer in system| | | | | | | | | |Submit first appeal on behalf of customer in system| | | | | | |4 |Supporter |Search for the solution from the database |Direct interface with the system | | | |Gives information to the customer | | |5 |Admin |Maintain the database details. |Direct interface with the database. | | | |Update the solutions for the queries in the | | | | |database. | | 6 User environment 1. To complete this task a single developer is involved. 2. Amount of time spend in completing this task is three months. 3. Any unique environmental constraints: mobile, outdoors, in-flight, etc.? 4. This system uses windows platform. Product OverviewThe project gets the queries from the various customers and stores them in a centralized data store. When there are number of queries the queries are stored up in a queue and then the queries are processed one by on e. There are separate blocks called data recognizer for recognizing the data, i. e. queries, and data interpreter for interpreting those queries. The input query from the customer is first recognized by the data recognizer by comparing with the entries in the data base store. In the database the solution for each and every query is stored and maintained. Then it is interpreted as what type of query it is and how it should respond to the query.The input query is compared with the queries in the database store. The solution for the input query is founded. The information service switch switches the application between different types of distributed services. The final result, the reply to the customer’s query is obtained at the end. Specific Requirements 1 External Interface Requirements The following section discusses the requirements related to the interfaces used to communicate with external entities. These entities include human customers and other hardware and software int erfaces that permit the system to carry out its tasks. 1 User Interfaces The requirements presented in this section describe the interfaces for BPOMS.The requirements do not assume a particular interface; however, the requirements are grouped according to the main features (as defined by the use cases) provided by the system. Note that the requirements that follow a subheading support the activities associated with the feature named by the subheading. 2 Applicable Standards The standards of this system include the following platform compliance standards and software: PLATFORM USED: ? Windows SOFTWARE USED: ? VB ? MS-ACCESS 2 System Requirements System Requirements: ? Hardware Requirements: PROCESSOR: 32 BIT, Intel core (i3) RAM: 256 MB HARD DISK: 40 GB MONITOR: SVGA Monitor (800*600 RESOLUTIONS) CLOCK SPEED: 266 MHz KEYBOARD: 101 KEYS MOUSE: Logitech FLOPPY DRIVE: 1. 44 MB ? Software Requirements: OPERATING SYSTEM: Windows FRONT END: VB BACK END: MS-ACCESSMIDDLEWARE: J2EE SERVER: To mcat4. 1 ? Software interface: †¢ Client on Internet: Web Browser, Operating System (Windows). †¢ Client on intranet: Client Software, Web Browser, Operating System (Windows). †¢ Web Server: WAMP Server, Operating System (Windows) †¢ Data Base server: MS-ACCESS, Operating System (Windows). 3 Non-behavioral Requirements 1 Performance Requirements With client and server running on the same machine, response time will be a maximum of two seconds. 2 Qualitative Requirements 1 Security This section is not complete. Additional requirements will follow. Each time there is a security violation, the log file will be updated with he login, date, and time. 2 Maintainability The system will be designed to allow the following changes: ? Database queries. ? Administration of Ms-Access. ? Archive files to database. 3 Portability The system will run on multiple platforms, in particular Windows, UNIX, and Macintosh. 3 Design and Implementation Constraints The system will be desig ned for the following future extensions: ? Archive call center-section data ? Use of existing category information as template for creation of a new category section ? Administration of database ? Customer access 4. 3. 4 Benefits 4. 3. 4. 1 Benefits to the Citizen: †¢ Power of information is just a phone call away Removes the hassles of physical presence at Central Public Authority for filing application †¢ Money saved by way of travel time / wage loss as well as for making Drafts/ Postal Order from Bank and Post Offices †¢ Government bears the cost of transmitting the application to the Central Public Authority †¢ Citizen’s handicap arising out of literacy level variations could be overcome by the Call Centre executives, who would understand, screen and do the necessary handholding in filing RTI applications. 4. 3. 4. 2 Benefits to the Government: †¢ Systematic management and real time monitoring of RTI applications and first appeals. †¢ Further improvement in transparency in government functioning. †¢ Empowerment of Common man through easy information dissemination. †¢ Man-hours spent by individual departments in collecting RTI applications can be saved by centralizing the process on the Portal. †¢ Support data analysis indicating area of improvement as well as sectors demanding intervention.

Vandalism in Street Art

Art has been involved in the human society since day one. The first appearance of art that was discovered were the cave paintings in France which date back to 32,000 years ago. These paintings were created on walls, meaning they were meant to be seen by everyone. Street art is very similar, because it is art work that is displayed on a public level, similar to the cave paintings thousands of years ago. Street Art is a new movement in today’s art society that is taking the world by storm. In street art the artist’s works are displayed for the world to see.Artist use urban environments such as buildings, sidewalks, streets, and walls as there canvas to create spectacular works of art for everyone to see. Artist display their work in public spaces by using paint, spray paint, stencils, stickers, and installations. Street art takes everyday objects we see and transforms them into something extraordinary. Designs of faces cartoons, political figures, pictures, illusions, scu lptures and statues can be seen on the side of large buildings, asphalt, billboards, everyday walls, and even through traffic signs. Lewisohn 3)Seeing this art work on the side of a ten story building can be breathtaking, and the question comes into play, how did it get there? Well the first thing that is needed to create street art is an artist. The artist will than choose a location were he/she best feels the art needs to be. A location is half of the process, a good location can take weeks to find than there is the process of scoping it out for cameras, law enforcement, traffic in the local area and most importantly when will the operation take place.These are all vital pieces of information to successfully create a street art master piece. So, there is a location and a set time, now the second half of the process begins. When arriving to the location there needs to an idea of what is going to happen, game plan. The game plan for most artists is to be stealthy, quick and effectiv e. As the artist approaches the wall he/she has their materials at hand ready to go. Depending on what street art genre is about to be create there is a need for different materials.The materials used to create a propaganda poster that will be placed on the wall are the poster , adhesive glue in a bucket and a rolling paint brush. is to the wall and the first artist roll on adhesive glue all over the wall with their brush, They then apply the poster over the glue by rolling it out and then brush more glue on top of it to protect it from the elements and insure a long viewing life. Final step Walk away and admire the beauty of street art. With the popularity of street art growing and more art work appearing, local law enforcements are noticing the amount of street art.To law enforcement officers street art is seen as an act of vandalism, which is punishable by state law. Though street art can be considered an act of vandalism at the state level, it will never be punishable under fede ral law. The laws of America are created under the United States Constitution. The constitution is federal law, which indicates that all fifty states most abide by those set laws. This includes many crimes that, if they did not occur on U. S. federal property would otherwise fall under state or local law.Within the state there can be state laws created by the state legislature and then be signed into law by the state governor. Each state has its own set of laws that state citizens abide by. With individual state laws comes individual state punishment. Every crime is punishable by law and every state has their way of handle it. ( Eichelkraut) So, what is vandalism a federal law or a state law? Vandalism is covered by state laws, and changes by state. Some states refer to vandalism as â€Å"criminal damage†, â€Å"malicious trespass â€Å"and â€Å"malicious mischief†.In an effort to control the impact of vandalism, many states have specific laws that may decrease cert ain forms of vandalism. For example, some states have local â€Å"aerosol container laws† that limit the purchase of spray paint containers or other â€Å"vandalism tools† which could be used for graffiti or vandalism purposes. (Eichelkraut ) These local laws help prevent graffiti but what is the difference compared to street art. Graffiti is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property. These markings are known as â€Å"tags†.Tags can be considered any type of public markings that may appear in the forms of simple written words to elaborate wall paintings. A high percentage of graffiti and tags are gang related. The goal of a tag is to mark territory by displaying their trademarks on hard-to-reach places, like billboards and the tops of buildings. The more places they go the more they are recognized. If there are two taggers in the same area they will compete to display their trademarks more and in unique pla ces. (Lewisohn ) It is the same concept in street art but with more of a political or social message that makes the asser buy ponder on what he/she saw. Street artist do the same thing the more their art work is seen the more well known it becomes. They have their art displayed were ever they can. Remove the word street from street art and there is just art, it could be hanging in a museum or on display in a building but when street is added to art it transforms into art in the streets. That’s what street art is, beautiful subjective master pieces that were created by the hands of an artist to be critiqued by the public.There are many genres of art that fall underneath street art and graffiti is one of them. Street art cannot be generalized down into one genre such as graffiti but it all can be defined as vandalism. The artists in the act of creating art know that it is illegal, they know the consequences of being caught but they take the risk of being caught so that their ar t will be seen. It is simple, street artist know what they are doing is considered vandalism, and that it is punishable by increasing levels of fines, jail time and community service.While law enforcement officers are keeping a closer eye on the scene of street art, graffiti and vandalism, there are still and will always be street artist getting away with their art being displayed all over the world. Few artist, such as Banksy, Invader, are incognito and the higher authorities do not identify who they are or how to find them. These artists have large works that are well known all around Europe, Middle East and American. If an artist of this magnitude were to be caught what would there criminal punishment be?When a criminal is caught their crimes are categorized in state law as either a misdemeanor a felony but if the crime is adequate it will be tried as a federal offence. A misdemeanor is considered a crime of low seriousness, and a felony one of high seriousness in state. A federa l offence is any law that goes against U. S. Legislature. The act of vandalism will be giving a misdemeanor or a felony never will it be taking to federal charges (Eichelkraut ). The punishment for vandalism does not need to be taking any further than in state law because state law officers are cracking down on vandalism.If vandalism grows to increasing numbers and cities become overwhelmed than vandalism will become a federal offence. And if vandalism is tried as a federal crime, would the jail sentence for the defendant be the same or will the difference be that the time served is in Federal prison. The fines and warnings given out buy local law enforcement officers are keeping vandalism under wraps, there does not need to be federal agents patrolling the street to look after empty brick walls and street signs. Even the most severe cases of street art vandalism have never been giving a federal sentence and that’s how it will stay.For example a local street artist outside of Pittsburgh was arrested and sentenced two and half years to five years in jail due to over $700,000 in damages to private and public property. And when he is released from prison, he will owe $234,000 in restoration and be expected to serve 2,500 hours of community service. (Sudbanthad) This punishment is the most severe sentence that has happened in the street art world. On the other hand, Shepard Fairey, a famous street artist who invented the Obama campaign posters, was charged with vandalism in Boston, Ma.His charges were on misdemeanor level where he had to appear in court, Fairey was told not to carry any street art supplies with him when he is in Boston or he will be fined. There are many ways inside state laws that the government will reprimand street art vandalism. There is no set punishment for vandalism weather it’s done with spray paint or paper and a roller each penalty will depend on the severity of the crime. For an unknown artist serving behind bars because h e continued what he loved, it’s worth it for him in the end.Vandalism in any area is a crime but artists, do it for people who will not realize (at least for a few moments) that what you have done is art. Avoid recognizable art-categories, avoid politics, don't stick around to argue, don't be sentimental; be ruthless, take risks, vandalize only what MUST be defaced, do something children will remember all their lives. Dress up. Leave a false name. Be legendary. The best Poetic Terrorism is against the law, but don't get caught. (underspary) Create Art as crime and think of crime as art.